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Beneficial acclimation hypothesis
The Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis (BAH) is the physiological hypothesis that acclimating to a particular environment (usually thermal) provides an organism with advantages in that environment. First formally defined and tested by Armand Marie Leroi, Albert Bennett, and Richard Lenski in 1994, it has however been a central assumption in historical physiological work that acclimation is adaptive. Further refined by Raymond B. Huey and David Berrigan under the strong inference approach, the hypothesis has been falsified as a general rule by a series of multiple hypotheses experiments.
== History and Definition ==
Acclimation is a set of physiological responses that occurs during an individual’s lifetime to chronic laboratory-induced environmental conditions (in contrast to acclimatization). It is one component of adaptation. While physiologists have traditionally assumed that acclimation is beneficial (or explicitly defined it as such), criticism of the adaptationist program by Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin led to a call for increased robustness in testing adaptationist hypotheses.〔Gould, S.J and Lewontin, R.C. (1979). ''The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme.'' Proc. Roy. Soc. London B 205. pp. 581-598.〕
The initial definition of the BAH, as published in 1994 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Leroi et al., is that “acclimation to a particular environment gives an organism a performance advantage in that environment over another organism that has not had the opportunity to acclimate to that particular environment.”〔Leroi, A.M., Bennett, A.F. and Lenski, R. E. (1994). ''Temperature acclimation and competitive fitness: An experimental test of the Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis.'' Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (91). pp. 1917-1921〕 This definition was further reworked in an article in American Zoologist 1999 by Raymond B. Huey, David Berrigan, George W. Gilchrist, and Jon C. Herron.〔Huey, R. B., Berrigan, D., Gilchrist, G.W. and Herron, J.C. (1999). ''Testing the Adaptive Significance of Acclimation: A Strong Inference Approach.'' Amer. Zool. 39. pp. 323-336〕 They determined that, following Platt’s strong inference approach, multiple competing hypotheses were needed to properly assess beneficial acclimation. These included:
1. Beneficial Acclimation. Acclimating to a particular environment confers fitness advantages in that environment.
2. Optimal Developmental Temperature. There is an ideal temperature to develop at so individuals reared at an optimal temperature compete better in all environments.
3. Colder (bigger) Is Better. In ectotherms, individuals reared in colder environments tend to develop to a larger body size. These individuals therefore have a fitness advantage in all environments.
4. Warmer (smaller) Is Better. The inverse of Colder Is Better. Smaller individuals have a fitness advantage.
5. Developmental Buffering. Development temperature does not affect adult fitness.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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